Patients with digestive symptoms had a pattern to present as severe/critical type (OR 1.87, 95 CI 0.98C3.57, = 0.06, = 0.07, L-Ascorbyl 6-palmitate 4 study, 1515 patients) (Fig. patients were included. The pooled rate of digestive symptoms and liver dysfunction was 31.8% (95 CI 21.0C42.5%, = 0.03, = 0.02, = 0.06, = 0.01, = 0.000) (Fig. S1a). The main digestive symptoms were diarrhea (53 studies, 8604 patients: 11.2%, 95 CI 9.3C13.1%, = 0.000) (Fig. S1c), nausea and/or vomiting (33 studies, 6165 patients: 10.0%, 95 L-Ascorbyl 6-palmitate CI 7.6C12.3%, = 0.000) (Fig. S1f), loss of appetite (15 studies, 2540 patients: 21.3%, 95 CI 14.0C28.7%, = 0.000) (Fig. S1d), and abdominal pain (14 studies, 2203 patients: 4.6%, 95 CI 2.7C6.5%, = 0.000) (Fig. S1e). The pooled estimate of digestive disease comorbidities was 11.2% (95 CI 6.1C16.3%, = 0.000, 9 studies, 2107 patients) (Fig. S1b) (Table ?(Table33). Table 3 Results of meta\analysis (random\effect model) Col4a4 = 0.000) (Fig. S2a). The pooled results demonstrated that this rate of high ALT was 25.3% (95 CI 21.3C29.2%, = 0.000, 23 studies, 3973 patients) (Fig. S2c), the rate of high AST was 25.4% (95 CI 16.1C34.6%, = 0.000, 23 studies, 9650 patients) (Fig. S2d), and the rate of high TBil was 8.8% (95 CI 5.1C12.5%, = 0.000, 9 studies, 1975 patients) (Fig. S2e). The pooled rate of liver diseases comorbidities was 2.5% (95 CI 1.8C3.3%, = 0.000, 29 studies, 10?839 patients) (Fig. S2b) (Table ?(Table33). = 0.21, 5 studies, 1992 patients) and myalgia (OR 1.96, 95 CI 1.06C3.65, = 0.03, = 0.04, 3 studies, 1223 patients) (Fig. S3). There was no significance between patients with and without digestive symptoms in age, gender, fever, sore throat, cough, sputum production, chest tightness, dyspnea, headache, dizziness, hemoptysis, and comorbidities. When comparing the difference in complications, patients with digestive symptoms were more likely to present with ARDS (OR 2.94, 95 CI 1.17C7.40, = 0.02, = 0.59, 2 studies, 905 patients) (Fig. ?(Fig.2).2). No difference was found in shock, acute heart failure, arrhythmia, pneumonia, and liver injury. Patients with digestive symptoms experienced a trend to present as severe/crucial type (OR 1.87, 95 CI 0.98C3.57, = 0.06, = 0.07, 4 study, 1515 patients) (Fig. ?(Fig.2).2). When comparing the difference in treatments, patients with digestive symptoms were more likely to be treated with immunoglobulins (OR 2.39, 95 CI 1.53C3.72, = 0.0001, = 0.34, 2 study, 458 patients). No difference was found in mechanical ventilation, antibiotics, glucocorticoids, antivirals, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and rigorous care unit admission (Fig. S3). Open in a separate window Physique 2 Comparison of complications between COVID\19 patients with and without digestive symptoms. = 0.01, = 0.0003, 16 studies, 3849 patients) and have high ALT (OR 2.08, 95 CI 1.55C2.81, = 0.33, L-Ascorbyl 6-palmitate 8 studies, 1830 patients) and AST (OR 3.53, 95 CI 2.76C4.51, = 0.57, 8 studies, 1959 patients) (Fig. ?(Fig.3).3). No difference was found in nausea and/or vomiting, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and TBil (Fig. ?(Fig.33). Open in a separate windows Physique 3 Comparison of normal/moderate and severe/crucial patients with COVID\19. versus = 1.000) and Egger’s test (= 0.945). Publication bias was also analyzed in the digestive symptom\related outcomes, which included more than 10 studies. No publication bias was found in the rate of nausea and/or vomiting (Begg’s test = 0.215, Egger’s test = 0.254), loss of appetite (Begg’s test = 0.274, Egger’s test = 0.429), abdominal pain (Begg’s test = 1.000, Egger’s test = 0.752), and digestive symptoms (Begg’s test = 0.669, Egger’s test = 0.411). Conversation In this meta\analysis, we demonstrated.
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